《Anatomical Physiology (Part of Physiology)》experiment curriculum teaching programming

Course code：PHAR1078Course credit：2

Course Name（English/Chinese）：Anatomical Physiology Experiment / 解剖生理学实验

Course learning hour：90Experiment learning hour：18

Applicable profession：Medical inspection, Nursing, Biopharmceutics, Chinese materia medica, Pharmacy, etc.

Laboratory Name：Functional Laboratory, Experiment Center of Preclinical Medicine（Grade of Jiangsu province）

1. Curriculum brief introduction：

Knowledge in Physiology experiment is components of national doctor licence qualification examination. Experiment content includes primal physiological basic experiment, integrated experiment, designed experiment, opening experiment and so on. There are 10 experiments which contain 9 basic experiments (90% of all experiments), 1 integrated and designed experiments (10% of all experiments) and several opening experiments. This curriculum is a excellent course of Jiangsu Province.

Teaching objective consists in deepening student`s understanding to basic theory on physiology and in improving student`s independent operating ability, innovative thinking ability and knowledge used ability.

Enhancing student`s basic experiment techniques on physiology (software setup, solution preparation, animal seizing, anesthesia and fixation, sample preparation, neural discharge, electric potential induction, intravenous injection, arterial cannulation, pathological modeling, data handling, result analysis) and raising their comprehensive ability for using various experimental methods is teaching requirements of physiology experiment.

2. Experiment items and learning hour arrangement

Note: For the sake of adapting laboratory opening and student`s selective experiment, student may carry out above-mentioned experiments (No.6~No.13) during free time.

3. Experiment content and teaching requirements

Experiment 1：Physiology experimental overview, introduction of biological signal collecting system and preparation of toad `s sciatic nerve-gastrocnemius specimen

1. Teaching content

 Experimental overview; Utilization of MedLab biological signal collecting system; preparation of toad `s sciatic nerve-gastrocnemius specimen and its excitability examination.

2. Teaching objective

（1）Understand rules and regulations, announcements and experimental arrangement of physiology laboratory;

（2）Be familiar with hardware, software configuration and utilization of biological signal collecting system with computer;

（3）Master essential skill of preparing toad `s sciatic nerve-gastrocnemius specimen.

Experiment 2：Observation of reflex, cardiophony and human arterial blood pressure determination

1. Teaching content

Preparation of spinal toad, reflex time determination with different concentration of sulphuric acid solution, reflex arc analysis, cardiophony of heart sound 1 and sound 2 at different valval area, and determination of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure with mercury column manometer and stethoscope.

2. Teaching objective

（1）Understand components and functions of stethoscope and sphygmomanometer;

（2）Be familiar with method of reflex time determination and reflex arc analysis;

（3）Master utilization of stethoscope and sphygmomanometer.

Experiment 3：Characteristics of microcirculation, single twitch and complete tetanus of skeletal muscle

 1. Teaching content

 Observation of microcirculation blood flow characteristics with toad`s mesentery, study on the relationship of stimulating frequency and contractive response by electrically stimulating on toad `s sciatic nerve-gastrocnemius specimen with different frequency.

 2. Teaching objective

（1）Understand microcirculation blood flow characteristics and formation of complete tetanus;

（2）Be familiar with the relationship of stimulating frequency and contractive response;

（3）Master the basic experimental method related to skeletal muscle mechanical contraction.

Experiment 4：Regulation of respiratory movement, respiratory dysfunction and drug treatment

 1. Teaching content

 Observing effects of various factors on respiratory movement and changes in intrapleural negative pressure during respiratory movement, and study on modeling of respiratory dysfunction and drug treatment.

 2. Teaching objective

（1）Understand respiratory dysfunction and drug treatment;

（2）Be familiar with physiological significance of intrapleural negative pressure;

（3）Master physiological nature of respiratory movement and influencing factors.

Experiment 5：Examination of experiment operation

1. Testing content（select one of the followings）

Preparation of sciatic nerve-gastrocnemius specimen; Animalanesthesia and fixation; Trachea cannula and vagus nerve seperation; Arterial cannulation and sympathetic nerve seperation; Single twitch and complete tetanus of skeletal muscle.

2. Teaching objective

（1）Understand reagent preparation and instrumenttation of general physiological experiments;

（2）Be familiar with some announcements and experimental steps of operative procedure related to amphibians and mammalia in physiological experiments;

（3）Master the basic skills of general operative procedure related to amphibians and mammalia in physiological experiments.

Experiment 6：Identification of ABO blood group

1. Teaching content

Add droplets of anti-A or anti-B serum in concave slide respectively, collect subject`s blood at one sterilized finger tip, put blood into concave slide respectively, distinguish agglutination and blood clotting, and then observe and decide blood group.

2. Teaching objective

（1）Understand significance of ABO blood group identification;

（2）Be familiar with determining principle of ABO blood group identification;

（3）Master method of ABO blood group identification.

Experiment 7：Analysis of frog`s heart beat origin and observation of premature contraction and compensatory pause of myocardium

1. Teaching content

Observate the normal Myocardial Contractive curve with different stimulus intensity and frequency, and induce premature systole and compensatory pause with electrostimulation, and then explore heart normal pacemaker with ligation.

2. Teaching objective

（1）Understand the method and principle of analysis of frog`s heart beat origin;

（2）Be familiar with mechanisms, characteristics and significance of cardiac muscle effective refractory period;

（3）Master recording method of frog`s heart beat and observe effect of frequency of stimulation on myocardial excitability.

Experiment 8：Discharge of depressor nerve in rabbit.

1. Teaching content

Intubate one side of rabbit common carotid artery after anesthesia to record blood pressure, isolate one side of depressor nerve and place recording electrode on it, and then observe discharge of depressor nerve and effects of drugs.

2. Teaching objective

（1）Understand characteristics of mammalian depressor nerve discharge;

（2）Be familiar with relationship between depressor nerve discharge and arterial blood pressure;

（3）Master the electrophysiological method of inducing depressor nerve discharge.

Experiment 9：Record and analysis on human electrocardiogram (ECG)

1. Teaching content

Place measuring electrode on the surface of precordial region, record the heart electric curve（ECG） and identify each wave, segment and interval of curve.

2. Teaching objective

（1）Understand recording method and utilization of human electrocardiogram;

（2）Be familiar with morphous characteristic of each wave, segment and interval of normal electrocardiogram;

（3）Master physiological significance of each wave, segment and interval of normal electrocardiogram.

Experiment 10：Roles of plasma colloid osmotic pressure in edema formation in frog

1. Teaching content

Prepare toad`s lower limb perfusion specimen in vitro; Set up experiment system; Connect perfusion devices with experiment system; Make perfusion with middle molecule dextran solution and ringer`s solution respectively; Measure and compare experimental data from tension curve.

2. Teaching objective

（1）Understand preparation of toad`s lower limb perfusion specimen in vitro and method of duplicating experimental edema;

（2）Be familiar with common cause of tissue edema and with effects of plasma colloid osmotic pressure decrease on edema formation;

（3）Master physiological significance of plasma colloid osmotic pressure.

Experiment 11：Effects of drug on smooth muscle tension in blood vessel in vivo and in vitro

 1. Teaching content

Animal operative procedure; Connection of experimental recording equipment; Setup of experimental system; Observation of normal blood pressure curve; Effects of drugs on blood pressure curve; Preparation of rat`s aortic strip in vitro; Tracing of normal tension curve; Effects of drugs on tension curve and analysis of experimental data from tension curve.

2. Teaching objective

（1）Understand preparative method of mammalian aortic strip in vitro;

（2）Be familiar with basic steps of general mammalian operative procedure;

（3）Master effects of norepinephrine and acetylcholine on blood pressure and vascular smooth musclecontraction, and knowing tonometry and analysis of vascular strip in vitro.

Experiment 12：Observation of insulin-induced hypoglycemia in rabbit and mouse

1. Teaching content

Observation of insulin-induced hypoglycemic convulsion and remedy in rabbit and mouse.

2. Teaching objective

（1）Understand general manifest of mammalian hypoglycemia;

（2）Be familiar with main clinical application of insulin;

（3）Master action mechanisms of insulin-induced hypoglycemia.

Experiment 13：Effects of some drugs on isolated frog heart perfusion

1. Teaching content

 Preparation of frog heart perfusion in vitro; Setup of experimental system; Connection of perfusion devices; Record of normal heart-beat curve; Effects of NaCl, CaCl₂, KCl, epinephrine, acetylcholine and pH value on curve.

2. Teaching objective

（1）Understand preparing method of frog heart in vitro;

（2）Be familiar with technique of frog heart perfusion in vitro;

（3）Master responses of isolated frog heart rate and heartbeat to above-mentioned chemicals and know their action mechanism.

4. Examination manner and requirement

1. Examination manner

（1）Experiment examination manner includes three parts: experiment report, experiment operation and experiment theory.

（2）Score of experiment report is 34% of total experiment score, experiment operation is 33% of total experiment score and experiment theory is 33% of total experiment score. Total experiment score is 30% of total curriculumscore. Each experiment examination has corresponding standard answer and score criteria.

2. Requirement

（1）Each experiment examination demands student independently accomplish and submit work on time.

（2）Experiment reportshould include contents as follow:

① Experiment title;

② General content contains class, name, partner and date;

③ Experiment principle and objective;

④ Experiment object or sample;

⑤ Experiment results（experiment curve, data, table and explanatory note）;

⑥ Experiment discussion（results description, analysis, summarization and gains from experiment）;

⑦ Conclusion（concise）

⑧ Reference

5. Main instrumenttation and amount

1. Personal computer24 sets

2. MedLab physiological experiment system24 sets

3. Stimulator24 sets

4. Spirometer3 sets

5. Electrocardiograph3 sets

6. Pressure transducers50 sets

7. Tonotransducer50 sets

8. Mammalian surgical instruments25 sets

6. Textbook and reference

1. Textbook:

Xie Keming, Wang Guoqing, Sheng Rui, et al., Functional Experimental Science (bilingualism), Higher Education Publishing Company, 2014, 03.

2. Reference:

（1）Yu Hailing, Medical Functional Experimental Science, Science Publishing Company, 2010, 06.

（2）Yan Jie, Experiment Course of Medical Functional Science, The People`s Military Medicine Publishing House, 2010, 03.

（3）Bai Bo, Liu Shanting, Experiment Course of Medical Functional Science, 2^nd edition, The People's Medical Publishing House, 2010. 07.

（4）Xie Jingtian, Physiology Experiment, 3^rd edition, Higher Education Publishing Company, 2009, 06.

（5）Zhu Danian, Wang Tinghuai, Physiology, 8^th edition, The People's Medical Publishing House, 2013, 03.

（6）Yao Tai, Physiology, 2^nd edition, The People's Medical Publishing House, 2010, 08.

Penner: Jiang Yan

Supervisor: Wang Guoqing